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Diseases of the heart and blood circulation: the heart DISEASES OF THE HEART AND BLOOD CIRCULATION: THE HEART
Heart signs are seen in the second major zone: Blood and Muscle zone—locally at left iris:
10'-15', right iris: 45'-50'—commencing directly at the iris-wreath.
With heart signs, as with the entire iris, a lightening of colour signifies over-activity
= inflammation, and darkening indicates underactivity = weakness.
With all cardiac conditions, more so than with other organ signs, one has to consider the entire iris, and in particular the blood zone, brain, liver, lung and kidney areas. In addition, the finger-nails, legs and lips should be examined, since these often give early indications.
Heart signs for individual conditions are:
1. Endocarditis (inflammation of the endocardium): shows small white flakes in the heart area, or short white lines, especially close to the iris-wreath in the blood zone.
2. Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle): is recognised by the appearance of small white flakes or clouds in the muscle zone: in the middle of the heart area, or further outwards towards the skeletal zone. These signs are very often apparent during the course of, or following an infectious disease, and must then be regarded as very grave indications. These signs are also frequently to be found with so-called 'rheumatic' patients. With such people the whole iris is too white, and these patients complain of generalised rheumatic pains, e.g. in shoulder, neck, back muscles, etc.
With such patients one often observes merely a thick, white zigzag line in the heart area which shows a small white flake at its termination in the mucous membrane zone. In such cases it will be found that the patients suffer severely from changes in the weather, and complain of great uneasiness and anxiety from stormy weather.
3. Pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium): the pericardium registers approximately at left iris: 15'-17', showing clouds in the lower margin of the heart signs when there is pericarditis. Since pericardial disease very easily gives rise to adhesions, one should always give careful attention to the fine white adhesion-signs (transversals) in this area, as well as to the adjacent pleural area below.
4. Cardiac neuroses: are widely spread in these times of increased tensions, haste and anxiety. Since in many cases of neurotic disturbance no clinical evidence can be found, iris-diagnosis becomes an especially important help.
In the early stages, nervous disturbances of the heart are shown by a very fine white line which runs out over the heart area from the iris-wreath, roughly horizontally. The patients complain of disturbance and sudden palpitations (the heart beats 'up into the throat'). If this white line takes on a more acutely zigzag form, then stronger disturbances are probable. Patients with such signs usually have enlarged 'moons' on the finger-nails.
If near these fine white lines contraction rings are observed (i.e. nerve rings), which interrupt at the heart area, then there is a risk of cardiac spasm, resulting in the appearance of praecordial anginal attacks.
If the nervous heart disturbances have existed for some time, then the fine white lines become darker, i.e. grey to black; usually there is only a dark line to be seen, known as 'irritation line'. Patients with such signs have constant heart disturbance as a result of irritation, grief or fear. If the lines become somewhat wider apart and give rise to lacunae, then the patient will complain of an anxiety state. If these signs lie at about 10'-12' (left iris) then according to Frau Flink there is a condition of heart oppression and dyspnoea; if they lie at 16'-17' then agitation and excitement will give the patient the feeling as if the heart was being strangled. Patients with these signs have nail 'moons' which are too small, or are wholly or partly missing.
5. Cardiac myasthenia (heart muscle weakness): is shown by a darkening of the heart area, appearing as dark wisps, clouds, and closed or open weakness-signs. The iris fibres no longer run radially, but more or less in arc form. For so long as the dark signs are small (narrow) and the fibres only slightly separated, then the condition is one of simple debility of the heart muscle, but if not treated this becomes a heart muscle weakness. The weakness-sign itself is usually evidenced above or below (also above and below) by a light well-defined arc. Frau Flink interpreted a well-defined upper arc as a tendency to asthmatic symptoms, which arise on slight exertion. In the case of a lower arc, then according to Frau Flink the patient can eat only little.
When in addition to these signs the stomach and intestinal zones are coloured brown, then every excitement affects the stomach of such a patient.
The wider the separation of the fibres in the muscles zone of the heart area, the greater the tendency to cardiac dilatation. If the weakness-signs are closed, then according to Frau Flink, the condition should be regarded as one of cardiac dilatation and cardiac weakness. Such patients must always be treated as for a heart condition, especially with feverish infections—e.g. rheumatic and renal conditions. If the weakness sign is not closed, but is open as far as the iris margin, then the condition is one of hypertrophy (Frau Flink). If besides the weakness-sign in the heart area one finds an overgrowth of the nail-quick on the fingers, then the patient suffers cardiac anxiety and oppression. In children this is a sign of fearfulness.
As is well known, a heart muscle-weakness leads to stasis in the systemic and pulmonary circulation. With left cardiac insufficiency this gives rise to dyspnoea with cough and catarrh, whereas with right cardiac insufficiency there is liver and portal stasis, haemorrhoids and hydropericardium. Thus, with weakness-signs in the heart area, one always pays attention to the lung areas. Stasis here makes the lung fields appear dark, the patient complaining of cough and dyspnoea, especially at night. Cardiac asthma and pulmonary oedema are possible dangers.
In proportion to the extent of cardiac weakness, stasis signs may be found in the areas for liver and kidneys, together with a dark neurasthenic-ring, haemorrhoidal signs in the rectum area, and stasis signs in the extremity areas. These areas become dark and the iris fibres separate.
Small lacunae in the heart area are sometimes found even in small children, in which case the cause is attributable to the mother. If during pregnancy the mother suffered much irritation and worry then the child is liable to have a heart-area lacuna. Such children are very nervous, and remain affected throughout the whole of life.
6. Cardiac valve lesions: show in the iris as small black points in the heart area in the vicinity of the iris-wreath, lying in the upper part of this area. There may be one to three black points. The appearance of a fourth point is a presage of death. Struck wrote on this matter in
Iris-Korrespondenz as follows: a visible fourth heart point renders hopeless any measures to counter impending death. This iris indication is diagnostic of the last stages of struggling man.
Another sign in the heart area which is difficult to interpret is the black wedge-sign. It lies in the blood zone with its base to the iris-wreath and the apex pointing into the muscle zone. It indicates that the patient may suffer a sudden cardiac arrest.
If in the heart area one or more black points are observed in the blood zone (indicating valvular defects), or in the muscle zone (indicating callosities), then one must not neglect to make a thorough examination of the mouth-throat area. Dark points in this area will suggest that the heart damage is secondary to a focal infection arising in the teeth or tonsils (angina, diphtheria).
7. Coronary sclerosis: was earlier the privilege of elderly and aged persons. Today, however, it not infrequently affects persons between 30 and 50 years of age. In the iris it is recognised by the following signs: At 15' the iris-wreath shows a thicker white margin, conjoined with the lower arc of a cardiac weakness sign, and extending with it to the muscle zone.
Sometimes a fine white line can be observed running obliquely from this white margin to the spleen area. This line is a sign of threatened cardiac infarct.
8. Roemheld syndrome: is shown in the iris as a strong dilatation of the colon (i.e. iris-wreath) in the direction of the heart area. This dilatation may lie above or below the heart area.
9. Coloured flecks in the heart area: Such colour or toxin flecks in the heart area are small light to brownish-red pigment flecks. These indicate that the patient suffers mentally, and such patients tend strongly to brooding (melancholy, true depression, religious delusions, etc.). These signs very often go together with abdominal disturbances —usually affecting persons of
Sepia-type (yellow glistening of the nose, dirty ring around the mouth, unable to get going in the mornings yet gay and lively in the evenings.)
*20\78\2*
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